专利执行保险与上市公司创新行为研究

专利制度的本质是对知识资源产权归属进行确权。基于我国第一批和第二批专利执行保险试点这一准自然试验,借助沪深上市公司2008-2017年数据,通过双重差分法（DID）实证检验了专利执行保险对上市公司创新行为的影响。研究发现：专利执行保险加强了知识产权保护,能显著提升上市公司创新积极性和创新投入力度;专利执行保险显著增加了上市公司专利申请数量及专利授权数量等创新产出。进一步研究发现,国有控股、市场化进程、法制化完备程度均能显著促进专利执行保险对上市公司的创新激励效应。利用敏感性检验和工具变量法对内生性进行控制后,上述结论仍然成立。因此,加强专利保护制度建设对促进上市公司创新具有重要意义。     

融资约束下企业社会责任信息披露质量与创新持续性

利用2012-2016年我国中小板企业数据,实证研究了不同类型企业社会责任信息披露质量对创新持续性的影响路径。结果显示,对股东、员工的责任信息披露质量能显著缓解融资约束,从而正向影响企业创新持续性;对供应商、客户、消费者、社会和环境的责任信息披露质量只能部分缓解融资约束,但仍正向促进企业创新持续性;国有性质的中小板企业对社会责任信息披露质量更加敏感。以上结论说明,我国中小板企业应注重履行并披露对不同利益相关者的社会责任信息,这对于企业缓解融资约束、维持创新持续性具有积极作用。     

区域知识产权保护发展的空间格局及结构体系研究

以我国各省知识产权保护制度为研究对象，创新性地将探索性空间数据分析方法与社会网络分析方法相结合，基于地理邻近视角，验证了区域知识产权保护的空间相关性、空间集聚特征和空间溢出效应。同时，突破地理近邻效应的局限，解析区域知识产权保护的空间关联特征。结果表明：我国各省知识产权保护具有全局自相关性，相似地区间存在空间集聚效应，不同发展程度地区的空间关联性质不同；网络化后的区域知识产权保护各节点间联系紧密、网络结构稳定，并且可以确定核心行动者和边缘行动者角色；长三角、珠三角、环渤海等较发达地区与其它地区之间存在较多溢出关系。     

Protection for sale under monopolistic competition: Beyond the CES

We extend the protection for sale model of Grossman and Helpman (1994) by introducing a general model of monopolistic competition with variable markups and incomplete pass-through. We show that the structure of protection emerging in the political equilibrium not only depends on the weight attached by the government to consumer welfare when making its policy decision, but also on the degree of market power of firms and on the terms-of-trade variations due to the degree of pass-through. Our results highlight the importance of preferences in shaping the structure of protection and are consistent with the occurring of protectionism also in unorganized industries.     

母公司控股、融资约束与企业创新投入

利用2012－2017年我国A股上市公司数据，检验母公司控股对企业创新投入的作用。结果发现：子公司创新投入意愿明显不足。进一步分析发现，融资约束弱化了母公司控股与企业创新投入意愿之间的关系。运用变换模型估计和变量处理方法检验后，结论仍然十分稳健。结论为法学和经济学的有限责任理论、管理学的前景理论与威胁刚性模型提供了经验证据，从而丰富了上述领域文献。同时，对我国集团型公司治理中的创新管理具有一定借鉴意义。     

高科技企业研发投入同群效应研究

探讨高科技企业研发投入的同群效应，特别是企业面临的市场环境不确定性，以及体现制度环境的知识产权保护对高科技企业研发投入同群效应的影响。实证分析沪深A股2009—2017年高科技上市公司数据，结果表明：①高科技企业研发投入存在显著的同群效应；②环境不确定性显著负向调节高科技企业研发投入的同群效应，即环境不确定性弱化了企业研发投入的行业趋同；③知识产权保护显著正向调节高科技企业研发投入的同群效应，即知识产权保护强化了企业研发投入的行业趋同。结论丰富了企业研发投入同群效应研究成果，为考察企业所处外部市场与制度环境对企业研发投入同群效应的影响提供了新视角。     

The impact of equity ownership groups on investment: Evidence from Ukraine

We empirically investigate the impact of different ownership groups on companies’ investment in Ukraine with a novel dynamic investment model where investment is based on present and historical levels of profitability (market-to-book value of equity) and lagged investment. Groups include state, insider, non-domestic, financial and financial and industrial group (FIG) ownership. Contrary to the literature, we find that the past level of profitability significantly affects investment; the majority presence of and increases in state ownership have a negative impact on firms’ investment, as is the case for non-domestic and financial companies’ ownership. Insider and FIG ownership have no impact on investment. We explain the results by the extent of liquidity concerns (hard and soft budget constraints), measured by cash flow interacted with a dummy variable of majority ownership of the respective group, and the extent of asset stripping for the corresponding ownership group and relate them to over- and under-investment, and to the free cash flow or cash constraint hypothesis.     

Fear of climate change consequences and predictors of intentions to alter meat consumption

Reducing or altering meat consumption has the potential to significantly lower the impact humans have on climate change. Consumers, however, are unlikely to break their food habits unless they are aware of the problem and motivated by the solutions. Fear appeals are often used to overcome this, however, their effectiveness in the context of meat reduction and climate change is unclear. Given the widespread use of fear appeals in information policy, it is important to understand more. The aim of this study was to explore fear—or more specifically—the danger control process in a climate change—food context in order to understand the factors which motivate consumers to reduce or alter their meat consumption. Using a stratified random sample of 222 respondents in Southern Sweden, we develop a model for predicting intentions to adopt specific and general actions to reduce or alter meat consumption. Our results suggest that the general key to motivating consumers is through increasing their self-efficacy towards adopting meat alternatives and educating them on the importance their actions have in reducing the threat. We also found that appraising the threat to self (or those close) was significant, but surprisingly the effect size was greater when the threat concerned others (e.g. others in impoverished nations, animals).     

Implications of domestic price insulation for global food price behavior

Rapid changes in global food prices in recent years are widely viewed as a serious threat to global development. While various sources of price instability in agriculture have been identified, little attention appears to have been given to the importance of changes in trade policies that insulate domestic prices from world markets as a source of volatility in world prices. A contribution of this paper is to show that these interventions are dynamically more complex than simple proportional insulation. Insulation against an initial price increase in world prices increases the magnitude of that increase, while subsequent adjustments to the level of protection change the fundamental nature of price volatility. We find such policies are widespread and increase the volatility of world prices while not reducing the volatility of domestic prices because of the collective action problem involved in this form of policy intervention.     

Protection and jobs: explaining the structure of trade barriers across industries

This paper develops a model of protection and tests it using US data, including new protection measures. We find that protection in an industry increases with its employment but not with its level of output. We also find that lobbying entails significant transactions costs. We have limited evidence that industry characteristics, such as the number of firms and geographical concentration, affect protection. Nested tests imply that assuming lump-sum rebating of import revenues or rents is justified. The results also suggest that US policy makers weight a dollar of campaign contributions about 15% more heavily than a dollar of national income.